home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Wayzata World Factbook 1995
/
World Factbook - 1995 Edition - Wayzata Technology (1995).iso
/
mac
/
text
/
Build
/
CIACRD
/
PAKISTAN.CRD
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1994-11-29
|
16KB
|
522 lines
#CARD:Pakistan:Geography
#WORD 43 69 370 369 0
Pakistan Click Here for Country List
#IMAGE 44 61 TWPCX \maps\PAKISTAN.PCX
Geography Click Here for MAP
Location:
Southern Asia, along the Arabian Sea, between India and Afghanistan
Map references:
Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
803,940 sq km
land area:
778,720 sq km
comparative area:
slightly less than twice the size of California
Land boundaries:
total 6,774 km, Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km,
Iran 909 km
Coastline:
1,046 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone:
24 nm
continental shelf:
200 nm or the edge of continental margin
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
territorial sea:
12 nm
International disputes:
status of Kashmir with India; border question with Afghanistan (Durand
Line); water-sharing problems (Wular Barrage) over the Indus with
upstream riparian India
Climate:
mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
Terrain:
flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest;
Balochistan plateau in west
Natural resources:
land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality
coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
Land use:
arable land:
26%
permanent crops:
0%
meadows and pastures:
6%
forest and woodland:
4%
other:
64%
Irrigated land:
162,200 sq km (1989)
Environment:
current issues:
water pollution from untreated sewage, industrial wastes, and
agricultural runoff; water scarcity; a majority of the population does
not have access to safe drinking water; deforestation; soil erosion;
desertification
natural hazards:
frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and
west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)
international agreements:
party to - Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Nuclear
Test Ban, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
Note:
controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes
between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent
#CARD:Pakistan:People
People
Population:
128,855,965 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
2.86% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
42.22 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
12.38 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
-1.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
101.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
57.41 years
male:
56.79 years
female:
58.06 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
6.43 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Pakistani(s)
adjective:
Pakistani
Ethnic divisions:
Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from
India and their descendents)
Religions:
Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3%
Languages:
Urdu (official), English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite
and most government ministries), Punjabi 64%, Sindhi 12%, Pashtu 8%,
Urdu 7%, Balochi and other 9%
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
total population:
35%
male:
47%
female:
21%
Labor force:
28.9 million
by occupation:
agriculture 54%, mining and manufacturing 13%, services 33%, extensive
export of labor (1987 est.)
#CARD:Pakistan:Government
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
conventional short form:
former:
West Pakistan
Digraph:
PK
Type:
republic
Capital:
Islamabad
Administrative divisions:
4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan,
Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**,
North-West Frontier, Punjab, Sindh
note:
the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir
region includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas
Independence:
14 August 1947 (from UK)
National holiday:
Pakistan Day, 23 March (1956) (proclamation of the republic)
Constitution:
10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977 restored with amendments, 30
December 1985
Legal system:
based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's
stature as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations
Suffrage:
21 years of age; universal; separate electorates and reserved
parliamentary seats for non-Muslims
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President Sardar Farooq LEGHARI election last held on 13 November 1993
(next to be held no later than 14 October 1998); results - LEGHARI was
elected by Parliament and the four provincial assemblies
head of government:
Prime Minister Benazir BHUTTO
cabinet:
Cabinet
Legislative branch:
bicameral Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora)
Senate:
elections last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA March 1997);
results - seats (87 total) Pakistan People's Party (PPP) 22, Pakistan
Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction (PML/N) 17; Tribal Area
Representatives (nonparty) 8, Awami National Party (ANP) 6, Pakistan
Muslim League, Junejo faction (PML/J) 5, Jamhoori Watan Party (JWP) 5,
Mohajir Quami Movement, Altaf faction (MQM/A) 5, Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam,
Fazlur Rehman group (JUI/F) 2, Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP)
2, Jamaat-i-Islami (JI) 2, National People's Party (NPP) 2,
Balochistan National Movement, Hayee Group (BNM/H) 1, Balochistan
National Movement, Mengal Group (BNM/M) 1, Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan,
Niazi faction (JUP/NI) 1, Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Noorani faction
(JUP/NO) 1, Jamiat-al-Hadith (JAH) 1, Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam,
Sami-ul-Haq faction (JUI/S) 1, Pakistan Muslim League, Functional
Group (PML/F) 1, Pakistan National Party (PNP) 1, independents 2,
vacant 1
National Assembly:
elections last held 6 October 1993 (next to be held by October 1998);
results - seats (217 total); Pakistan People's Party (PPP) 92;
Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction (PML/N) 75; Pakistan
Muslim League, Junejo faction (PML/J) 6; Islami-Jamhoori-Mahaz
(IJM-Islamic Democratic Front) 4; Awami National Party (ANP) 3;
Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP) 4; Pakistan Islamic Front (PIF)
3; Jamhoori Watan Party (JWP) 2; Mutaheda Deeni Mahaz (MDM) 2;
Balochistan National Movement, Hayee Group (BNM/H) 1; Balochistan
National Movement, Mengal Group (BNM/M) 1; National Democratic
Alliance (NDA) 1; National People's Party (NPP) 1; Pakhtun Quami Party
(PKQP) 1; Religious minorities 10 reserved seats; independents, 9;
results pending, 2
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court, Federal Islamic (Shari'at) Court
Political parties and leaders:
government:
Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Benazir BHUTTO; Pakistan Muslim League,
Junejo faction (PML/J), Hamid Nasir CHATTHA; National People's Party
(NPP), Ghulam Mustapha JATOI; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP),
Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI; Balochistan National Movement, Hayee Group
(BNM/H), Dr. HAYEE Baluch; National Democratic Alliance (NDA), Maulana
Kausar NIAZI; Pakhtun Quami Party (PKQP), Mohammed AFZAL Khan;
Jamhoori Watan Party (JWP), Akbar Khan BUGTI
opposition:
Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction (PML/N), Nawaz SHARIF;
Awami National Party (ANP), Khan Abdul WALI KHAN; Pakistan Islamic
Front (PIF), Qazi Hussain AHMED; Balochistan National Movement, Mengal
Group (BNM/M), Sardar Akhtar MENGAL; Mohajir Quami Movement, Altaf
faction (MQM/A); Jamaat-i-Islami (JI); Jamiat-al-Hadith (JAH)
frequently shifting:
Mutaheda Deeni Mahaz (MDM), Maulana Sami-ul-HAQ, the MDM includes
Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Niazi faction (JUP/NI) and Anjuman
Sepah-i-Sahaba Pakistan (ASSP); Islami-Jamhoori-Mahaz (IJM-Islamic
Democratic Party), the IJM includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Islami, Fazlur
Rehman group (JUI/F); Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Noorani faction
(JUP/NO); Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami-ul-Haq faction (JUI/S); Pakistan
Muslim League, Functional Group (PML/F); Pakistan National Party (PNP)
note:
most Pakistani political groups are motivated primarily by opportunism
and political alliances can shift frequently
Other political or pressure groups:
military remains important political force; ulema (clergy),
landowners, industrialists, and small merchants also influential
Member of:
AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT,
INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, MINURSO, NAM, OAS
(observer), OIC, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM,
UNOSOM, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Maleeha LODHI
chancery:
2315 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
(202) 939-6205
FAX:
(202) 387-0484
consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles and New York
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador John MONJO
embassy:
Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad
mailing address:
P. O. Box 1048, PSC 1212, Box 2000, Unit 6220,Islamabad or APO AE
09812-2000
telephone:
[92] (51) 826161 through 79
FAX:
[92] (51) 214222
consulate(s) general:
Karachi, Lahore
consulate(s):
Peshawar
Flag:
green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious
minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are
centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are
traditional symbols of Islam
#CARD:Pakistan:Economy
Economy
Overview:
Pakistan is a poor Third World country faced with the usual problems
of rapidly increasing population, sizable government deficits, and
heavy dependence on foreign aid. In addition, the economy must support
a large military establishment. Rapid economic growth, averaging 5%-6%
over the past decade has helped Pakistan cope with these problems.
However, growth slumped to 3% in FY93 because of severe flooding,
which damaged the key export crop, cotton. Almost all agriculture and
small-scale industry is in private hands. In 1990, Pakistan embarked
on a sweeping economic liberalization program to boost foreign and
domestic private investment and lower foreign aid dependence. The
SHARIF government denationalized several state-owned firms and
attracted some foreign investment. Pakistan likely will have
difficulty raising living standards because of its rapidly expanding
population. At the current rate of growth, population would double in
25 years.
National product:
GNP - purchasing power equivalent - $239 billion (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate:
3% (FY93 est.)
National product per capita:
$1,900 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
12.7% (FY91)
Unemployment rate:
10% (FY91 est.)
Budget:
revenues:
$9.4 billion
expenditures:
$10.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.1 billion (1993
est.)
Exports:
$6.8 billion (f.o.b., FY92)
commodities:
cotton, textiles, clothing, rice, leather, carpets
partners:
US, Japan, Hong Kong, Germany, UK
Imports:
$9.1 billion (f.o.b., FY92)
commodities:
petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, transportation equipment,
vegetable oils, animal fats, chemicals
partners:
Japan, US, Germany, UK, Saudi Arabia
External debt:
$24 billion (1993 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 7.3% (FY92); accounts for 23% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity:
10,000,000 kW
production:
43 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
350 kWh (1992)
Industries:
textiles, food processing, beverages, construction materials,
clothing, paper products, shrimp
Agriculture:
22% of GDP, over 50% of labor force; world's largest contiguous
irrigation system; major crops - cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane,
fruits, vegetables; livestock products - milk, beef, mutton, eggs;
self-sufficient in food grain
Illicit drugs:
major illicit producer of opium and hashish for the international drug
trade; despite some success in reducing cultivation, remains world's
fourth largest opium producer (140 metric tons in 1993)
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $4.5 billion; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-89), $91
billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $2.3 billion; Communist
countries (1970-89), $3.2 billion
note:
including Bangladesh prior to 1972
Currency:
1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa
Exchange rates:
Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1 - 30.214 (January 1994), 28.107
(1993), 25.083 (1992), 23.801 (1991), 21.707 (1990), 20.541 (1989)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June
#CARD:Pakistan:Communications
Communications
Railroads:
8,773 km total; 7,718 km broad gauge, 445 km 1-meter gauge, and 610 km
less than 1-meter gauge; 1,037 km broad-gauge double track; 286 km
electrified; all government owned (1985)
Highways:
total:
110,677 km
paved:
58,677 km
unpaved:
gravel 23,000 km; improved earth 29,000 km (1988)
Pipelines:
crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 885 km; natural gas 4,044 km
(1987)
Ports:
Gwadar, Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim
Merchant marine:
30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 352,189 GRT/532,782 DWT, bulk 1,
cargo 25, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 3
Airports:
total:
110
usable:
104
with permanent-surface runways:
75
with runways over 3,659 m:
1
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
30
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
43
Telecommunications:
the domestic telephone system is poor, adequate only for government
and business use; about 7 telephones per 1,000 persons; the system for
international traffic is better and employs both microwave radio relay
and satellites; satellite ground stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT
and 2 Indian Ocean INTELSAT; broadcast stations - 19 AM, 8 FM, 29 TV
#CARD:Pakistan:Defense Forces
Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces, National Guard,
paramilitary/security forces
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 29,548,746; fit for military service 18,134,013; reach
military age (17) annually 1,391,258 (1994 est.)
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $3.0 billion, 5.7% of GNP (FY93/94)
PAKISTAN.0